the fundamental economics of green hydrogen have improved significantly, as a part of this crisis, and a major reinforcement of that key technology. So overall, therefore, I’ve set out an optimistic vision. I have to say that in relation to the energy building, industry, transport sectors of the economy, I am very confident that the technologies the technologies I’ve described and others can get us to a net zero economy globally around mid-century 2050, in the developed countries 2060 in the developing world, and at costs to the economy, which will be so trivial that in retrospect, will hardly notice them. I am therefore, a technological optimist. And most of the technologies already exist. The one area where I think we need fundamentally new technologies, rather than the further development and the applications of ones, which we already have, is actually not in the energy building, industry and transport sectors. But next slide, please. In agriculture, because agriculture is responsible for something like 25% of all greenhouse gas emissions, the production of red meat from sheep, or cattle inevitably produces methane (Slide 18, page 63). Depending on different measures of the impact of methane, but we know it’s a hugely powerful greenhouse gas, you can see the very significant level of emissions potential that a CO2 emissions equivalent so that produces emissions from methane from a cattle are certainly far more important to the future climate than all the emissions from the global steel industry. And the deforestation of the great forests of the world, which is producing about five Giga tons of CO2 emissions per annum, is being almost entirely driven by meat production by the production of soya and other grains going into meat production. What that implies is that in this section, we really have to say we don’t have the answers yet, unless there are fundamentally new technologies like synthetic meat. Let Me In conclusion, set up my final slide. What I think we face as we Next slide, please. As we think about the technology and innovation, we face, a whole series of hugely exciting technological possibilities. Some of them where we still need even more research work and fundamental scientific understanding progress, others where the challenge is essentially mass deploying what we already know. Next generation batteries even more research is possible and this developing some remarkable achievements (Slide 19, page 63). 3. Lo scenario internazionale della transizione energetica 51
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy NDY5NjA=