2. Relazioni di scenario 55 know it – an Ai think tank now owned by Alphabet in London. Most of what they produce is open source. You can just use it. And they produced a machine learning algorithm, an algorithm system, that predicts the 3D structure of proteins pretty accurately. Pretty accurately. A gentleman, a scientist, in England, was looking for enzymes that would break down plastic, fairly important part of our environmental goals. He heard about this. He sent them seven amino-acid sequences on Friday. Two of them he knew what the structure was. On Monday, he got all seven back and the two were right. I mean, what the scientists say about this is that this is going to accelerate, you know, by multiple orders of magnitude the speed with which the research in these areas can be conducted. Vittorio Colao talked about cloud computing (Slide 8, page 62). From an economic point of view, what’s so interesting about this is that it lowers the entry barriers to enter almost any part of the digital world because you don’t basically have to manage this infrastructure yourself. This is how fast is 5G as we move into that world. And this I find quite interesting, so I’ll maybe make it my last slide (Slide 9, page 63). There is a global explosion of entrepreneurial activity. That wasn’t true. You know, 15 years ago, when you talked about entrepreneurial activity certainly in science and in digital areas, you were talking about a small number of places in the world. And then after a while, you know, it turned out China was getting pretty good at this. But now it’s everywhere. And the supporting ecosystems, the financing systems and stuff, are becoming global too. This is a huge, huge opportunity for virtually everybody in every country. Here is another version of it which I find quite interesting (Slide 10, page 63). The blue line is the number of unicorns that have been created in the last roughly 20 years in Europe. You just passed China, which I think is pretty impressive. But the challenges are huge. So I’ll set this up for the next panel. This is a picture of global carbon emissions (Slide 11, page 64). So for those of you who were optimistic, you ought to think again. We haven’t peaked in carbon emissions, notwithstanding the climate change. So we have a huge set of challenges in Glasgow that would center around increasing the ambitions of every major player in the world so that they come
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